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26. Aerial Bridge: Design for Suspended Car Transfer Over Ship Canal, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Turner, C. A. P. (Claude)
Date Created:
1901-02
Description:
The Claude Turner design for the original Aerial Bridge from 1901. Many companies and designers vied for this project. The bridge was built in 1904-1905. This drawing shows the spires and steel structural detail as well as the concrete footings and dimensions. Both towers are shown with an end view. In 1929 the suspended car transfer was eliminated and a lift span was installed.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Design drawings

27. Aerial Bridge: Detail of Car Suspended Car Transfer Over Ship Canal at Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Turner, C.A.P. (Claude)
Date Created:
1902-02
Description:
A side elevation of the car, or gondola, which carried vehicles and people across the canal. The drawing shows: decorative circular metal plate with the word Duluth and floral-like details, wooden wall with windows, open lattice feature. Plan of strut is drawn as a detail for the bridge builders. Drawing 163, Sheet M7.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Design drawings

28. Aerial Bridge: Detail of Car Suspended Car Transfer Over Ship Canal, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Turner, C.A.P. (Claude)
Date Created:
1902-02
Description:
Two detailed drawings of the car, or gondola, which carried vehicles and people across the canal. The drawing shows etched glass, punctured decorative steel plates, electric light fixtures, seats with perforated wood bottoms, maple flooring, glass paneled doors, lattice rail, copper flashing, wire supports, wire ropes, dimensions, floor beams, pine planks, and oak flooring. Drawing 162 Sheet M6.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Design drawings

29. Aerial Bridge: Details of Traveler Framing at Top Suspended Car Transfer Ship Canal, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Turner, C.A.P. (Claude)
Date Created:
1902-02
Description:
Technical details and named parts of the suspended car and its supporting structure for the bridge's builders. Included on the drawing are dimensions, rivet poles, braces, center lines, bolt connections, plates, trusses, knee brace, hanger roll. Drawing 161, Sheet M5.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Design drawings

30. Aerial Bridge: Details of Traveler Suspended Car Transfer Over Ship Canal, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Turner, C.A.P. (Claude)
Date Created:
1902-01
Description:
Detailed drawing of the suspended car, or gondola, and the vertical structure that holds it. This is the element that moves from one side of the bridge to the other above the canal. This transfer car could hold vehicles and people. Normal speed of the car was 4 miles per hour; it made the trip in about 1 minute. This drawing includes dimensions of individual structural elements such as braces. Drawing 160, Sheet M4. Turner is identified as engineer, 816 Phoenix Building Duluth.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Design drawings

31. Aerial Bridge, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:
1910?
Description:
The caption says The Aerial Bridge Span 393 feet 9 inches, 135 feet high from water line, cost $100,000 Duluth, Minn. A few more details that are not on this card are that the Aerial Bridge was completed in February, 1905. The Aerial Bridge transporter or gondola or transfer car roadway was 17 feet by 50 feet with sidewalks seven feet by 50 feet and the cabins were 30 feet long. This original bridge was modified with the lift span in 1929 and first operated March 19, 1930.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

32. Aerial Bridge: Proposed Changes in Tower Suspended Car Transfer Over Ship Canal at Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Turner, C.A.P. (Claude)
Date Created:
1902-03
Description:
There are three drawn details: end view, part side elevation, lateral bracing in horizontal plane. The towers are the two end parts of the bridge that hold the central span and the suspended car. The towers are referred to as North and South. The South Tower is nearer to Minnesota Point, the North Tower is on the "mainland." Drawing 167, Sheet M11.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Design drawings

33. Aerial Bridge: Proposed Suspended Car Transfer Over Ship Canal at Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Turner, C.A.P. (Claude)
Date Created:
1903-02-06
Description:
This is a general elevation drawing, plus end view of both towers. The suspended car transfer is in the center of the bridge drawing over the canal. Dimensions are included for the distance from the water to the bottom of the bridge span (135 feet) and the footings. The drawing shows small stone and gravel fill near and around the concrete footings at the base of each tower. The finials are shown in detail. Lake Avenue is shown from one tower to the other. Drawing H-5421A, U.S. Patent February 1903.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Design drawings

34. Aerial Bridge: School Room Clay Model of Bridge, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
McKenzie, Hugh, 1879-1957
Date Created:
1910?
Description:
Every student in Duluth learned about the aerial bridge from family or teachers. This table-top model in clay is typical in demonstrating how central to children and families the structure and impact of the bridge was and is to residents of Duluth.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

35. Aerial Bridge: School Room Clay Model of Bridge, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
McKenzie, Hugh, 1879-1957
Date Created:
1920?
Description:
Every student in Duluth learned about the Aerial Bridge from family or teachers. This table-top model in clay is typical in demonstrating how central to children and families the structure and impact of the bridge was and is to residents of Duluth.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

36. Aerial Bridge: South Lake Avenue, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Gallagher, Louis P., 1875-1945
Date Created:
1919
Description:
Marshall-Wells Hardware merchandise is loaded and ready for delivery to various railroad lines for transport. The first horse-drawn sleigh will take the orders packed into it to the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha depot. The truck behind the sleigh is destined for the Soo Line depot. The next in line will be shipped on the Great Northern railway and the one after that will go to the Northern Pacific. The Union Depot served seven railroads including the GN and NP. It still stands as the St. Louis County Heritage and Arts Center. All of the other depots are gone. The Marshall-Wells Company started in 1886 as Chapin and Wells Company a wholesale hardware business. Albert Morley Marshall, son of Seth, bought controlling interest in 1893 and changed the name to Marshall-Wells Company. The company grew to include 14 wholesale offices throughout the northwestern U.S. and Canada. In 1955 Ambrook Industries Inc. of New York bought controlling interest. Kelley-How-Thomson and Marshall-Wells merged January 1, 1958. Kelley-How-Thomson had been a subsidiary of Marshall-Wells since 1955 when Ambrook bought Marshall-Wells and reorganized. The Coast-to-Coast Stores bought the Duluth division of Marshall-Wells-Kelley-How-Thomson Company in 1958, which ended the Duluth firm's operation. Also in the image are the People's Hotel 246 Lake Avenue South, and the Lyceum Theater billboard.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Panoramas

37. Aerial Bridge: Steamer Huronic Entering Duluth-Superior Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:
1915?
Description:
In 1893, James J. Hill's Northern Steamship Company built 385-foot ocean style passenger steamers. In 1911, the peak year, 80,000 passengers traveled to Lake Superior. After 1920, the number of passenger cruise ships diminished with the advent of "motor-cars." Very few cruise ships were still in service after World War II. The Canadian steel steamer Huronic was constructed in Collingwood, Ontario, in 1902. She ran on the Northern Navigation Division of the Canadian Steamship Company, on cruise trips from Detroit to Duluth. In 1940, the Huronic was dismantled and made into a package freighter.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

38. Aerial bridge streetcar wye, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:
1922
Description:
Streetcar wye at Lake Avenue and Morse Street, the end of track next to the Aerial Bridge, in Duluth, Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
Minnesota Streetcar Museum
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

39. Aerial bridge under construction, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:
1904
Description:
Aerial bridge under construction; workers; view from about Minnesota slip to bridge; piers; Minnesota Point houses in background
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

40. Aerial Bridge: U.S. Ship Canal Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:
1910?
Description:
Ore boat leaving Duluth. Detroit Publishing Co. was a prolific post card publisher, especially in the U.S. Their cards were published from 1898 to 1933. Using a color process called Phostint, their cards were considered to be very artistic. The hobby of collecting post cards is called deltiology. The first post card was issued by the Austrian government, America's first postcards came out in 1873. Picture postcards were introduced later. The golden age of postcards was supposed to date from 1907 through the first World War.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

41. Aerial Bridge: Whaleback Leaving Duluth-Superior Harbor Loaded With Ore, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:
1910?
Description:
Whaleback is an unusual ship design with steel hulls (body of the vessel) and rounded decks (boat, hurricane, main -which is the lowest full-length deck in a ship's hull, and spar are all decks at different levels) which was introduced by the inventor Captain Alexander McDougall of Duluth in 1888. It was a very stable vessel. American Steel Barge Company, a New York corporation engaged in shipbuilding and transportation on the Great Lakes as well as on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, purchased all of the patents for McDougalls whaleback vessels for $25,000. The only remaining whaleback is the Meteor, which is now a museum at Barker's Island in Superior, Wisconsin.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

42. Aerial ferry bridge, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:
1905-04-05
Description:
Aerial ferry bridge with gondola over canal; concrete piers; light posts; light house on south pier
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

43. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial Lift Bridge And Ship Canal, Duluth-Superior Harbor

Date Created:
1950?
Description:
John H. Darling (1847-1942), U.S. Engineer for Duluth-Superior Harbor, oversaw replacement of the original wooden canal piers with concrete piers in 1897. The piers have been maintained and repaired with a major remodeling/rehabilitation in 1985-1986.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

44. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial Lift Bridge and Ship Canal, Entrance to Duluth-Superior Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:
1950?
Description:
139-D The caption of this post card says The unique Aerial Lift Bridge and Ship Canal Entrance to Duluth-Superior Harbor is an outstanding attraction of this popular summer vacation city. Total bridge load lifted is 900 tons. Only 55 seconds are required to lift the span 135 feet. The Harbor is second only to that of New York City in shipping tonnage and through it passes about 60 per cent of America's iron ore production, from the great iron ore ranges just north of Duluth. Another fact, not included in the caption is that John H. Darling (1847-1942), U.S. Engineer for Duluth-Superior Harbor, oversaw replacement of the original wooden canal piers with concrete piers in 1897. The piers have been maintained and repaired with a major remodeling/rehabilitation in 1985-1986.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

45. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial Lift Bridge Over Canal Entrance to Duluth-Superior Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota

Date Created:
1950?
Description:
The caption for this post card says The famous Aerial Lift Bridge, at the entrance to the Duluth -Superior harbor, is the largest of its kind in the world. The 900-ton span, lifted by electrical energy stored in batteries, rises 120 feet in 50 seconds each time a boat approaches the harbor.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Postcards

46. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View from Lake Superior, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:
1970?
Description:
An ore boat is steaming through the canal into Duluth harbor. The canal was cut beginning in 1871, and this bridge was built in 1904-1905 and modified with the lift span (which is up in this photo) in 1929. Canal Park is to the right of the Aerial Lift Bridge. Today a tourist destination, Canal Park was originally an industrial site. In this photograph Canal Park is in transition. You can see some demolition as well as some new parking facilities very near the pier including green space for residents and tourists to get near the vessel traffic and the bridge. The Aerial Lift Bridge is the largest tourist draw in Minnesota.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

47. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View from Lake Superior, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:
1954?
Description:
The parallel concrete piers jut out into the lake forming the canal leading to the harbor. Since its remodeling into a lift bridge in 1930, every vessel passes under the Aerial Lift Bridge's raised span. In this view the span is down, and traffic and people cross it as a roadbed. The South Pier is at the left, the North Pier is at the right. Minnesota Point's light sand beach draws residents and tourists in all seasons but especially throughout the summer months. The expanse of the slips and wharves of the harbor indicate an industrial scene. You can see the light road that is Skyline Parkway parallel to the horizon running the length of Duluth.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

48. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View from Lake Superior, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:
1959?
Description:
The parallel concrete piers jut out into the lake forming the canal leading to the harbor. Since its remodeling into a lift bridge in 1930, every vessel passes under the Aerial Lift Bridge's raised span. In this view the span is down, and traffic and people cross it as a roadbed. The South Pier is at the left, the North Pier is at the right. Minnesota Point's light sand beach draws residents and tourists in all seasons but especially throughout the summer months. The harbor is still the location of warehouses and coal docks. You can see the light road that is Skyline Parkway parallel to the horizon running the length of Duluth. The Civic Center is at the center of this shot. The St. Louis County Courthouse is in the middle with the Federal Building to the left of the courthouse, City Hall to the right, and the St. Louis County Jail to the left and set back from the courthouse. The Civic Center was designed by Daniel Burnham and is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Black-and-white photographs

49. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View From Ore Docks, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Gatlin, Wayne
Date Created:
1978?
Description:
The Duluth Missabe and Iron Range ore docks are the two reddish brown linear structures in the foreground. Ore boats are pulled between the docks by tugboats. Railroad cars loaded with ore or taconite pellets move along the railroad tracks on the top or the length of the dock. A chute or steel pocket beneath the tracks is lowered to the open cargo hatch and a door at the bottom of the pocket opens, allowing the pellets to run into the ore boat that moored parallel to the dock. Four hours is typical for loading ore. Loading is the responsibility of the First Mate. It is important to load the ore in a proper sequence to avoid over stressing the boat unevenly. Each chute (or drop of pellets) is about 20 tons.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Color photographs

50. Aerial Lift Bridge: Aerial View of Aerial Bridge and Duluth From Lake Superior, Duluth, Minnesota

Creator:
Gallagher, L. Perry, Jr., 1912-1988
Date Created:
1979?
Description:
The lift span is up as an ore boat of the Cleveland-Cliffs fleet approaches the canal. Pioneer Hall and the Northwest Passage skywalk link to downtown are complete. Gateway Towers and Lenox Place apartment high-rises and the new Duluth Public Library are visible. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Lake Superior Maritime Visitor Center, formerly called the Marine Museum, opened in 1973 and is seen near the north pier with Grandma's Saloon restaurant and its summertime tent visible marking the first two amenities of Canal Park that would develop into a tourist destination.
Contributing Institution:
University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections
Type:
Still Image
Format:
Color photographs
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