Drypoint etching of a head portrait of an American Indian signed "Cadwallader Lincoln Washburn." Washburn was a renowned deaf artist who was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and graduated from the Minnesota Institute for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind and the National Deaf-Mute College (soon to be renamed Gallaudet College). He donated this art work to the Charles Thompson Memorial Hall, a deaf club in St. Paul, Minnesota, in honor of its opening in 1916.
Drypoint etching of a head portrait of a Hopi Indian signed "Cadwallader Lincoln Washburn." Washburn was a renowned deaf artist who was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and graduated from the Minnesota Institute for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind and the National Deaf-Mute College (soon to be renamed Gallaudet College). He donated this art work to the Charles Thompson Memorial Hall, a deaf club in St. Paul, Minnesota, in honor of its opening in 1916.
Drypoint etching of a head portrait of a Navajo Indian signed "Cadwallader Lincoln Washburn." Washburn was a renowned deaf artist who was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and graduated from the Minnesota Institute for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind and the National Deaf-Mute College (soon to be renamed Gallaudet College). He donated this art work to the Charles Thompson Memorial Hall, a deaf club in St. Paul, Minnesota, in honor of its opening in 1916.
Chief Bemidji, whose real name was " Shay-Now-Ish -Kung," received his new name from Lake Bemidji which was called Bay-me-ji-ga, or "lake with cross waters." He was born near Inger, Minnesota, in 1833 or 1834 and lived in the Leech Lake and Cass Lake area. In 1860, he married a Leech Lake Pillager Indian woman and they had eight children, three boys of whom died at early ages. Four daughters and one son grew up and lived to older ages. In 1882, Chief Bemidji's wife died. Saddened by her death, he loaded all his possessions and children in his birch bark canoe and paddled up the Mississippi River to settle on the south shore of Lake Bemidji. He was the first permanent settler of Bemidji (from p. 107,"The Bemidji Area Looking Back" 2004).
Red Lake, Leech Lake and White Earth Chiefs, taken in Washington, D.C. (Darwin S. Hall presented photo to White Earth Agency office, Arthur P. Foster presented to Becker County Historical Society.)
Portait of Shoto in front of tepee. The book, "The Shakopee Story" says that Shoto was one of Chief Shakopee's braves. He was baptized by Father J. J. Girrimondi of St. Mary's Church in 1894. He died in 1899.
Portrait of Old Shoto. Photograph taken with a magazine by ars olclone camera. Contemporary handwriting on back. He is one of Chief Shakopee's braves, he was baptized by Father J. J. Girrimondi of St. Mary's church in 1894; he died in 1899. He is standing in front of a teepee with an open door.
This image was published in "Minnesota History," 49/3 Fall 1984, page 92. Original in the Archives of the Sisters of Mercy Provincialate in Omaha, Nebraska. Record Group 75. Exhibit WCSA 2000-2001.
St. Benedict's Mission, White Earth Indian Reservation (White Earth Band of Ojibwe). The complex of buildings comprising St. Benedict's Mission in White Earth as viewed from the lake in the early 1890s. By 1895, the mission had reached the peak of its development because that year the federal government reversed its policy of giving aid for education on the reservations and set 1899 as the final date after which no more public money would be given. [SBMA]
St. Benedict's Mission, White Earth Indian Reservation (White Earth Band of Ojibwe). Sister Lioba Braun, at the organ, leads the sisters at St. Benedict's Mission in song. Sister Lioba, one of the first sisters to help establish St. Benedict's Mission at White Earth, brought her gift of music and singing and soon had a choir that was able to sing at the religious services. The sister to the immediate right of Sister Lioba is identified as Sister Meinrad Burrell and the sister to Sister Meinrad's right as Sister Basilia Cosgrove. [SBMA]
St. Benedict's Mission, White Earth Indian Reservation (White Earth Band of Ojibwe). The newly-built school was completed in 1892. The school day at St. Benedict's School in White Earth was similar to that of any other American school with hours from 9:00 until 4:00 in teaching the basic learning skills. This daily rigid pattern was not a part of the American Indian culture and tested the endurance of both the students and teachers, but music and singing and manual work offered relief. [SBMA, McDonald, p. 241]
St. Benedict's Mission, White Earth Indian Reservation (White Earth Band of Ojibwe). Students pose with their handiwork in the work room of the newly-built school at St. Benedict's Mission. Domestic arts were considered important. So before and after school hours, the girls were taught to card wool and spin yarn with which they knitted their own stockings. They were taught plain and fancy sewing and took turns in assisting the sisters in the kitchen, laundry and dairy. Under Sister Philomena Ketten's supervision, the boys worked in the garden and helped on the farm with picking potatoes and raking hay. [SBMA, McDonald, p. 241]
St. Benedict's Mission, White Earth Indian Reservation (White Earth Band of Ojibwe). One of the boarding school dormitories in the upper floors of the newly-built St. Benedict's Mission School. Unlike the crowded conditions of the early convent school at White Earth, the new school built in 1890 allowed ample space for sleeping quarters (Saint Benedict's Monastery Archives).
Studio portrait of John Beargrease (1858-1910) and his family. Left to right: Augusta (Constance), John, Joseph, Charlotte, Louise, and Mary Anne Beargrease.
View of Traverse Des Sioux or "crossing place of the Sioux." It was here in 1851 that the U.S. government signed a treaty with the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands of the Dakota Indians.
Boy Scout Troop number eighty-one from the Pipestone Indian Training School. Seventeen scouts and four leaders. Back row, second from left, Paul Abraham.